{"id":2039,"date":"2020-07-16T16:57:44","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T20:57:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/?p=2039"},"modified":"2020-07-16T16:59:44","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T20:59:44","slug":"whats-that-mean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2020\/07\/16\/whats-that-mean\/","title":{"rendered":"What&#8217;s That Mean?"},"content":{"rendered":"<body><p><\/p>On the night of my tenth-year high school reunion (many years ago), I was crossing a dark street with some classmates on our way to a local bar where we could catch up on each other\u2019s lives. We glanced both ways and, seeing no immediate traffic, stepped out into the street at a leisurely pace. Only there did we realize the car coming toward us was traveling at a faster pace than we\u2019d anticipated. I said to the group, in my usual way, \u201cPerhaps we should walk a bit more briskly.\u201d\n<p>One of the women with the group turned an incredulous eye on me and barked with a laugh, \u201c\u2018Perhaps? <em>Perhaps<\/em>?'\u201d It took me a second to realize that she was taken aback by my manner of speech, not my <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2043\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2020\/07\/16\/whats-that-mean\/poses-1367416_1920\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/poses-1367416_1920.jpg?fit=1920%2C1327&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1327\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;7.1&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 40D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;27&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.008&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"poses-1367416_1920\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/poses-1367416_1920.jpg?fit=300%2C207&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/poses-1367416_1920.jpg?fit=640%2C443&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-2043\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/poses-1367416_1920.jpg?resize=640%2C442&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"442\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/poses-1367416_1920.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/poses-1367416_1920.jpg?resize=300%2C207&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/poses-1367416_1920.jpg?resize=1024%2C708&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/poses-1367416_1920.jpg?resize=768%2C531&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/poses-1367416_1920.jpg?resize=1536%2C1062&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/poses-1367416_1920.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>trepidation at the speed of oncoming traffic.<\/p>\n<p>How odd, I thought at the time. \u201cPerhaps\u201d is a common word. Why would she would mock my choice?<\/p>\n<p>I never understood it.<\/p>\n<p>Fast forward to 2020. I\u2019ve passed the third draft of my current WIP\u2014a medical spec-fic intended for an adult audience\u2014to beta readers, several of whom flagged words in the draft which they did not recognize. (For the record, some of those words were: detritus, chiaroscuro, atoll, pareidolia, deleterious, and epigenetic.) Some of those\u2014specifically chiaroscuro, pareidolia, and epigenetic\u2014didn\u2019t surprise me. The rest did. I\u2019d thought them common words at the level of everyday language. It never occurred to me that they might be unfamiliar to an average adult reader. I mentioned this to a friend, who recommended I choose different words, or find some way to embed a definition of them in the surrounding narrative.<\/p>\n<p>Okay. I can probably change chiaroscuro, and lose pareidolia, though doing so will take a shade of meaning out of the immediate moment in each of those scenes. For epigenetic (an essential word to the medical spec-fic narrative), I will need to be sure I use the surrounding narrative to clarify its meaning without actually defining it, since the characters using the term are both CDC professionals and would understand its meaning already. I\u2019m not sure what to do about the rest.<\/p>\n<p>It made me wonder how other writers determine their word choices. So I posted a query on Twitter to ask whether other writers avoid using \u201cbig words\u201d or vocabulary that might be unfamiliar to a segment of their readership. The response was outstanding. Interestingly, about half said yes, they would avoid anything that made their readers reach for a dictionary, or that they themselves would put a book down if there were \u201ctoo many\u201d words they didn\u2019t understand. To be fair, I suppose if there was a glut of polysyllabic profundity on every page, I probably would too.<\/p>\n<p>But one comment\u2014that using simpler language would widen the readership\u2014may not be as on-point as it seems. I personally tend to favor books that are written at a higher reading level. I\u2019m not interested in reading a textbook for enjoyment, mind, but I like learning new words and concepts. I prefer a reading experience that makes me think, especially if it leaves me pondering its plot and characters for days after the last page is turned.<\/p>\n<p>So, apparently, did the other half of my respondents on the Twitter thread, who agreed that a book written at more basic reading levels felt \u201ctoo simple\u201d for them. I get it. I\u2019ve read books where the story <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2042\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2020\/07\/16\/whats-that-mean\/el-capitan-3769_640\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/el-capitan-3769_640.jpg?fit=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"el-capitan-3769_640\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/el-capitan-3769_640.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/el-capitan-3769_640.jpg?fit=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-2042\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/el-capitan-3769_640.jpg?resize=640%2C480&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/el-capitan-3769_640.jpg?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/el-capitan-3769_640.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>was entertaining, but I didn\u2019t need to chew any of it. I could simply absorb and move on. No unnecessary thought required. Don\u2019t get me wrong. I liked them. They were good escapist fare, and fun to devour while my brain was fried from writing or researching. Besides, not every reading experience needs to equal the difficulty of an El Capitan or even a Matterhorn ascent. Sometimes, an easy stroll across a gentle, grass-covered slope is just what a reader is looking for.<\/p>\n<p>Still, is it necessary for writers to tone down the vocabulary?<\/p>\n<p>This morning, I did a little research. The findings surprised me. According to a 2019 survey by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wyliecomm.com\/2019\/03\/us-literacy-rate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies<\/a>, more than half of U.S. adults (52%) demonstrated basic or below-basic reading skills, what the PIAAC calls Level 2 literacy. That\u2019s fourth- to fifth-grade level. Only 36% read at a Level 3 (intermediate) or sixth- to eighth-grade level. PIAAC used to have five levels; in their most recent survey, they combined Levels 4 (proficient, ninth- to tenth-grade) and 5 (eleventh-grade through college-level), because there were too few people in that fifth level to count.<\/p>\n<p>The problem of falling literacy levels in this country is noteworthy, even used as fodder for humor by some. Comedian John Branyan uses a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=l_UegL1R3X8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">common fairytale<\/a> to illustrate the gap by using a predictably extreme (and hilarious) comparison between Shakespearean English and contemporary U.S. speech. It\u2019s worth a watch if for no other reason than the skill with which the writer revised the familiar tale, but be prepared to laugh.<\/p>\n<p>The whole conversation got me thinking. How many other books I\u2019ve read used words at the same Level (3, maybe?) as atoll, detritus, and deleterious? I decided to start paying attention. Here\u2019s a quick overview of what I\u2019ve seen in just the last week or so.<\/p>\n<p>The narrative of <em>Blackfish City<\/em> (a futuristic dystopia by Sam J. Miller) includes words like ignominy, buoyed, malentendu, fodder, alacrity, vacile, ignominious, abrogate, and scrim.<\/p>\n<p><em>Altered Carbon<\/em> (another futuristic dystopia, by Richard K. Morgan) uses recidivist, coaming, frisson, pr\u00e9cis, archipelago, salubrious, depredation, gibbering, and piebald. (Oh, and detritus.)<\/p>\n<p>From books in my past reading list:<\/p>\n<p><em>Red Rising<\/em> (dystopian science fiction by Pierce Brown): dregs, tutelage, maw, permutation, flagon, mete, supplication, meritocratic, faux, disengage, parapet, and recrimination.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2019\/06\/19\/where-oblivion-lives\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Where Oblivion Lives<\/em><\/a> (dark fantasy by T. Frohawk): dissuade, flotsam, vindication, garner, diatribe, bourgeois, articulate (the verb, not the adjective), glyph, Nephilim, and daimon.<\/p>\n<p>Frank Herbert\u2019s sci-fi classic, <em>Dune<\/em>: ephemeral, feint, allude, pervasive, stupefy, subjugate, censure, allay, cavort, deride, dissemble, precept, redolent, pathos, mote, and visage.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/07\/the-overstory\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>The Overstory<\/em><\/a>, literary fiction by Richard Powers: enumerate, pharynx, carillon, actuarial, rigor, stanch, abysmal, scriptorium, and feckless.<\/p>\n<p>Note the pattern here? Most of what I read is speculative fiction with an occasional literary novel thrown in for a change of pace. I should mention that of all these words, there were a few I didn\u2019t already know (specifically: malentendus, vacile, scrim, coaming, pr\u00e9cis, abrogate, and carillon). This has <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2040\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2020\/07\/16\/whats-that-mean\/girl-2771936_1920\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/girl-2771936_1920.jpg?fit=1920%2C1479&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1479\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;NIKON D3000&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;28&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.025&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"girl-2771936_1920\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/girl-2771936_1920.jpg?fit=300%2C231&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/girl-2771936_1920.jpg?fit=640%2C493&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-2040\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/girl-2771936_1920.jpg?resize=640%2C493&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"493\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/girl-2771936_1920.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/girl-2771936_1920.jpg?resize=300%2C231&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/girl-2771936_1920.jpg?resize=1024%2C789&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/girl-2771936_1920.jpg?resize=768%2C592&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/girl-2771936_1920.jpg?resize=1536%2C1183&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/girl-2771936_1920.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>less to do with my intelligence\u2014believe me, there is an overabundance of common-sense everyday things about which I know\/understand far too little\u2014than it does my love of words. Who knows? Maybe my vocabulary comes from the fact that I have been reading books that included words I didn\u2019t understand all my life, and my mom made me look them up rather than give me the meaning. Maybe it\u2019s because I hang out with people who speak this way, and thus words like these don\u2019t stand out in a book\u2019s narrative any more than the words around them. Maybe it\u2019s because I subscribe to two different word-of-the-day newsletters, and some of those words stick. I don\u2019t know. It\u2019s just part of who I am.<\/p>\n<p>Several Twitter commenters said that normal people don\u2019t use these words in everyday conversation. Perhaps not, but I do. I can\u2019t believe I\u2019m alone in that among readers of fiction. Thinking about all this made me wonder, though, whether vocabulary choices are tied to genres. I don\u2019t really have any romances or historical fictions in my collection, but I did a quick search through a few of the mysteries on my shelves and found what I suppose the PIAAC would consider Level 2 language. Does that mean they\u2019re too basic? Not at all. Some, like Tim Johnston\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2018\/12\/30\/the-current\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>The Current<\/em><\/a>, are beautifully written in a poetic way that gives the novel a dreamy, homey feel authentic to the setting of the story.<\/p>\n<p>And that\u2019s an essential element to word choice decisions for a writer, too, is it not? Someone penning historical fiction must choose words common to the vernacular of the period\/setting in which their story takes place, instead of contemporary terminology. In the same way, a romance writer or a police procedural novelist would choose language fitting the circumstances or settings of their unique stories. In my WIP, one character is a biochemical scientist. Another is a senior CDC investigator. Language in their conversations with peers is necessarily robust.<\/p>\n<p>One final comment. Some responses in the Twitter thread\u2014specifically from people who did <strong>not<\/strong> prefer Level 3+ language in the works they read and\/or write\u2014flat-out said that to use such words must mean the writer is trying to show off their intelligence. Believe me, that is not the case here. It\u2019s just that some words articulate meaning (or shades thereof) much more aptly than others. For example, instead <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2041\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2020\/07\/16\/whats-that-mean\/maldives-1095102_1920\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/maldives-1095102_1920.jpg?fit=1920%2C1440&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1440\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"maldives-1095102_1920\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/maldives-1095102_1920.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/maldives-1095102_1920.jpg?fit=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-2041\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/maldives-1095102_1920.jpg?resize=640%2C480&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/maldives-1095102_1920.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/maldives-1095102_1920.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/maldives-1095102_1920.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/maldives-1095102_1920.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/maldives-1095102_1920.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/maldives-1095102_1920.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>of \u201catoll,\u201d I could have said \u201ca ring-shaped reef, island, or chain of islands formed by coral.\u201d Sure, I could have simply said \u201cisland,\u201d but that doesn\u2019t convey the whole meaning. All atolls are islands, but not all islands are atolls. Specificity (within reason) makes for a more precise scene description, a lower word count, and a more enriching reading experience.<\/p>\n<p>It should be a given that this post only relates to books aimed at an adult readership. Obviously, when writing to YA, MG, or younger audiences, a simpler vocabulary would be better. (Though I still advocate throwing them a new word now and then. Does them good to look it up, and on e-readers, that requires only a tap on the screen.) It\u2019s also hopefully understood that I speak only for my own tastes here, whether reading or writing. Everyone\u2019s preferences differ, and there are markets for books of all language styles. Your mileage may vary.<\/p>\n<p>Chime in! What\u2019s your preference in leisure reading\u2014easy vocabulary or more challenging word choices that introduce (a few) new words into your internal dictionary?<\/p>\n<p>What??? by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/nde-2466146\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NDE<\/a><br>\nEl Capitan in Yosemite, by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/pdphotos-16\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PDPhotos<\/a><br>\nGirl with Dictionary, by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/libellule789-5876729\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">libellule789<\/a><br>\nMaldives Atoll, by Suissgirl<\/p>\n<p>All images courtesy of <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pixabay<\/a><\/p>\n<\/body>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On the night of my tenth-year high school reunion (many years ago), I was crossing a dark street with some classmates on our way to a local bar where we could catch up on each other\u2019s lives. We glanced both ways and, seeing no immediate traffic, stepped out into the street at a leisurely pace&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-posts","category-on-writing"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/poses-1367416_1920.jpg?fit=1920%2C1327&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8n0kX-wT","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":404,"url":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2017\/10\/09\/some-reassembly-required\/","url_meta":{"origin":2039,"position":0},"title":"Some Reassembly Required","author":"DremaDeoraich","date":"October 9, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"I\u2019m a little embarrassed to admit that it took me more than fifty years to realize that the old saying \u201cLife is what happens while you\u2019re making other plans\u201d means exactly what it says. To understand that this moment\u2014not the one when I finally get my act together and all\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog Posts","link":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/category\/blog-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":172,"url":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2017\/04\/09\/48-slaves-mindful-ignorance\/","url_meta":{"origin":2039,"position":1},"title":"48 Slaves: Mindful Ignorance","author":"DremaDeoraich","date":"April 9, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"There has been a shift in how officials view the crime of trafficking in persons; whereas it was once considered an immigration issue, more and more enforcement agencies are approaching it as a human rights violation. Efforts toward prevention of human trafficking and prosecution of traffickers are in flux. Outreach\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Archived Writings&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Archived Writings","link":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/category\/archived-writings\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":725,"url":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2018\/04\/23\/confessions-of-a-writer\/","url_meta":{"origin":2039,"position":2},"title":"Confessions of a Writer","author":"DremaDeoraich","date":"April 23, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"One of my classmates submits some of the most beautiful prose for critique. In his last class submission, his character drives through small rural backwater towns with no traffic lights, where the gas pumps still sport analog dials. The character speaks of being a voyeur, seeing only that moment in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog Posts","link":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/category\/blog-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":127,"url":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2017\/03\/09\/seveneves-by-neal-stephenson\/","url_meta":{"origin":2039,"position":3},"title":"Seveneves, by Neal Stephenson","author":"DremaDeoraich","date":"March 9, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"HarperCollins Publishers \u00a9 2015 ISBN 978-0-06-233451-0 880 pages, $35.00 When the moon blows up for no apparent reason, people first wonder what happened. Then the fuzzy, expanding cluster of seven enormous boulders that once made up Earth\u2019s sole satellite becomes a curiosity. But once the scientists realize what\u2019s going to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Reviews&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Reviews","link":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/category\/reviews\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Seveneves-199x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":779,"url":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2018\/05\/07\/the-nature-of-the-beast\/","url_meta":{"origin":2039,"position":4},"title":"The Nature of the Beast","author":"DremaDeoraich","date":"May 7, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"What is the true nature of the human beast? In the movie Wonder Woman, Diana agonizes over the fact that the war continues even though she has killed Ares. Captain Trevor tells her that maybe the horror of war wasn\u2019t contained in one malevolent being. Maybe a little part of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Blog Posts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Blog Posts","link":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/category\/blog-posts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1312,"url":"https:\/\/www.dremadeoraich.com\/index.php\/2019\/03\/04\/the-hate-u-give\/","url_meta":{"origin":2039,"position":5},"title":"The Hate U Give","author":"DremaDeoraich","date":"March 4, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"By Angie Thomas Balzer + Bray Publishing, ISBN: 978-0062498533 Hardcover, 464 pages. \u00a92017 16-year-old Starr Carter lives in Garden Heights, a poor black neighborhood where gangs run the streets and drugs are ubiquitous. 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